Influence of Associated Cations on Chloride Ingress into Concrete Structures

Authors

  • Nattapong Damrongwiriyanupap University of Phayao
  • Worathep Sae-Long Prince of Songkla University
  • Suchart Limkatanyu Prince of Songkla University
  • Yunping Xi University of Colorado Boulder

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.3.51

Keywords:

deicing salts, chloride penetration, coupling effect, durability, concrete

Abstract

This article presents an experimental study on the effect of different types of chloride-based deicing salts on the rate of chloride penetration into concrete structures. Three different types of deicers commonly used for deicing and anti-icing operations, NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2, were selected to investigate the influence of associated cations on the rate of chloride ingress into concrete. The concentration profiles of various ions were measured including Cl-, Na+, K+, Mg2+ and the effect of different cations on the diffusion rate of chloride ion into concrete was systematically studied. The test data were compared to numerical results obtained from a numerical model developed based on the Nernst-Planck equation which considered the ionic coupling effects among ions in chloride solutions and ions in concrete pore solution, Na+, K+, OH-. The test results illustrated that cations in different chloride solutions have significant effects on the penetration rate of chloride ions. This can be summarized in the order of CaCl2 > NaCl > MgCl2 from the fastest to slowest chloride ion penetration. In the case of various salt combinations tested, the diffusion rate of chloride ions can be ranked as NaCl + CaCl2 > CaCl2 + MgCl2 > NaCl + MgCl2. The total chloride concentration obtained from experimental results were compared to the numerical model and a good agreement was observed.

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Author Biographies

Nattapong Damrongwiriyanupap
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Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand

Worathep Sae-Long
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Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla 90112, Thailand

Suchart Limkatanyu
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Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla 90112, Thailand

Yunping Xi
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Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States

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Published In
Vol 25 No 3, Mar 31, 2021
How to Cite
[1]
N. Damrongwiriyanupap, W. Sae-Long, S. Limkatanyu, and Y. Xi, “Influence of Associated Cations on Chloride Ingress into Concrete Structures”, Eng. J., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 51-60, Mar. 2021.
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